Alzheimer’s Disease beyond Calcium Dysregulation: The Complex Interplay between Calmodulin, Calmodulin-Binding Proteins and Amyloid Beta from Disease Onset through Progression

Calmodulin Binding Proteins and Alzheimer’s Disease

The small, calcium-sensor protein, calmodulin, is ubiquitously expressed and central to cell function in all cell types. Here the literature linking calmodulin to Alzheimer's disease is reviewed. Several experimentally-verified calmodulin-binding proteins are involved in the formation of amyloid-β plaques including amyloid-β protein precursor, β-secretase, presenilin-1, and ADAM10. Many others ...

Calcium-binding proteins: intracellular sensors from the calmodulin superfamily.

In all eukaryotic cells, and particularly in neurons, Ca(2+) ions are important second messengers in a variety of cellular signaling pathways. In the retina, Ca(2+) modulation plays a crucial function in the development of the visual system's neuronal connectivity and a regulatory role in the conversion of the light signal received by photoreceptors into an electrical signal transmitted to the ...

Calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins in brain.

filament preparations isolated from many different species. Incubation of crude and purified preparations of filaments with [f2P]ATP labels nearly all the filament proteins (Fig. l), the exception being the 65000-mol.wt. band of Loligo (Fig. la). Phosphorylation in vitro is mediated by a cyclic AMPand Ca2+-independent, and Mg2+-dependent, protein kinase. The enzyme is activated by Na+ and K+ an...

Calmodulin and Calmodulin-binding Proteins in Plants.

Calmodulin is a small Ca2+-binding protein that acts to transduce second messenger signals into a wide array of cellular responses. Plant calmodulins share many structural and functional features with their homologs from animals and yeast, but the expression of multiple protein isoforms appears to be a distinctive feature of higher plants. Calmodulin acts by binding to short peptide sequences w...

Cellular regulators. Part A. Calcium- and calmodulin-binding proteins.